In the Guard and Reserves, counseling comes down to preparation before drill.  There isn’t enough time to do the mandated counseling (e.g. APFT/HT-WT failures, MND noncompliance, AWOLs, etc.), let alone the solid, developmental counseling that is needed to develop subordinates.  Leaders in the reserve components need to not only put in the time preparing good counseling statements, but also spend the time during drill observing and speaking to their subordinates.

Regarding the questions.

Brock